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41. Rearrange the following parts (P, Q, R, S) to form a coherent paragraph.
P: By doing so, they created a system of government with limited powers, accountable to the people it governs.
Q: The framers of the United States Constitution were deeply influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment.
R: They sought to create a republic that would avoid the tyranny of monarchy and the chaos of pure democracy.
S: Thinkers like John Locke, with his theories of natural rights, and Montesquieu, with his concept of the separation of powers, were particularly important.
Answer: Q introduces the main topic: the constitutional framers' influence by the Enlightenment. S provides specific examples of the 'thinkers' who influenced them. R explains the framers' main objective ('They sought to create...'). P describes the outcome of their efforts ('By doing so, they created...'), directly linking to the objective in R.
42. Rearrange the following parts (P, Q, R, S) to form a coherent paragraph.
P: This is because its event horizon marks a point of no return; nothing, not even light, can escape its gravitational pull once it crosses this boundary.
Q: A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing can escape from inside it.
R: The existence of such objects was first predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity.
S: Consequently, a black hole is invisible to our telescopes, its presence inferred only by its effect on nearby matter and radiation.
Answer: Q provides a basic definition of a black hole. P elaborates on this definition by explaining the concept of the event horizon. R adds historical context, explaining how the existence of 'such objects' was predicted. S draws a logical conclusion ('Consequently...') from the fact that light cannot escape (mentioned in P), explaining how we detect them.
43. Rearrange the following parts (P, Q, R, S) to form a coherent paragraph.
P: This linguistic isolation has allowed the Basque language, Euskara, to survive, a language with no known relatives.
Q: The Basque Country is an autonomous community in northern Spain with a unique cultural and linguistic heritage.
R: Its rugged, mountainous terrain historically separated it from the rest of the Iberian Peninsula.
S: This heritage is one of the oldest in Europe, with traditions and a language that predate the arrival of Indo-European speakers.
Answer: Q introduces the Basque Country. S elaborates on its 'unique cultural and linguistic heritage'. P explains the consequence of the geographical feature described in R. Therefore, the logical flow is to first state the heritage (S), then the geography (R), and then the linguistic result (P) of that geography.
44. Rearrange the following parts (P, Q, R, S) to make a meaningful sentence.
P: of the profound interconnectedness of all living things
Q: has become increasingly apparent
R: in the face of global environmental crises
S: the urgent need for a collective recognition
Answer: The subject of the sentence is 'the urgent need for a collective recognition' (S). Recognition of what? 'of the profound interconnectedness of all living things' (P). The verb phrase is 'has become increasingly apparent' (Q). The final phrase 'in the face of global environmental crises' (R) provides the context. Therefore, SPQR forms the most coherent sentence.
45. Rearrange the following parts (P, Q, R, S) to form a coherent paragraph.
P: These prions induce normally folded proteins to misfold as well, setting off a chain reaction that leads to brain damage.
Q: Prion diseases are a group of rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting both humans and animals.
R: They are unique in that they are caused not by a virus or bacterium but by a misfolded protein, known as a prion.
S: Unlike other infectious agents, prions contain no genetic material (DNA or RNA).
Answer: Q introduces the topic of prion diseases. R explains their unique cause ('a misfolded protein'). S provides an additional detail about what makes 'prions' unique (no genetic material). P describes the mechanism by which 'These prions' cause disease, which logically follows the introduction of the agent in R and S.
46. Rearrange the following parts (P, Q, R, S) to form a coherent paragraph.
P: His influential work, 'The Wealth of Nations,' laid the foundations for classical economics.
Q: Adam Smith, a Scottish economist and philosopher, is often regarded as the father of modern economics.
R: In it, he argued that an 'invisible hand' guides free markets to produce the most efficient outcome for society as a whole.
S: This concept of self-interest leading to social good remains a central, though often debated, tenet of capitalism.
Answer: Q introduces Adam Smith. P mentions his most famous work. R explains the key argument made 'In it' (the book). S comments on the lasting legacy of 'This concept' (the invisible hand) described in R.
47. Rearrange the following parts (P, Q, R, S) to form a coherent paragraph.
P: This dual nature allows it to act as both a particle (a photon) and a wave, a concept central to quantum mechanics.
Q: The nature of light has been a subject of scientific debate for centuries.
R: Experiments in the 20th century, however, revealed that light exhibits properties of both.
S: Isaac Newton proposed that it was composed of particles, while Christiaan Huygens argued it was a wave.
Answer: Q introduces the historical debate about the nature of light. S presents the two opposing historical views (Newton vs. Huygens). R introduces the modern resolution to this debate ('however, revealed that light exhibits properties of both'). P explains this 'dual nature' in more detail, giving it its modern scientific context.
48. Rearrange the following parts (P, Q, R, S) to form a coherent paragraph.
P: This process, while slow, is a powerful force that has shaped the Earth's surface over geological time.
Q: Erosion is the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water.
R: For instance, the Grand Canyon was carved out over millions of years by the erosive power of the Colorado River.
S: A similar process, weathering, breaks down or dissolves rock, but does not involve movement.
Answer: Q provides a definition of erosion. S contrasts erosion with a similar process, weathering, to clarify the definition. R gives a specific, powerful example of erosion ('For instance...'). P concludes by commenting on the overall power and significance of 'This process' (erosion).
49. Rearrange the following parts (P, Q, R, S) to form a coherent paragraph.
P: This shift from hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities was one of the most significant transformations in human history.
Q: The Neolithic Revolution, which began around 10,000 B.C., marked the dawn of agriculture.
R: It allowed for the development of permanent settlements, social stratification, and technological innovation.
S: For the first time, humans began to cultivate plants and domesticate animals rather than relying solely on foraging and hunting.
Answer: Q introduces the Neolithic Revolution. S explains what happened during this revolution ('For the first time...'). P describes the broader significance of 'This shift' from S. R lists the specific consequences that 'It' (the revolution) allowed for, elaborating on the significance mentioned in P.
50. Rearrange the following parts (P, Q, R, S) to make a meaningful sentence.
P: the complex legacy of colonialism continues to shape
Q: long after the formal end of imperial rule
R: political and economic realities across the globe
S: in ways both overt and subtle,
Answer: The main clause is 'the complex legacy of colonialism continues to shape' (P) 'political and economic realities across the globe' (R). The phrase 'in ways both overt and subtle' (S) modifies 'shape'. The final clause 'long after the formal end of imperial rule' (Q) provides the temporal context. This creates the most logical and flowing sentence.
51. Rearrange the following parts (P, Q, R, S) to form a coherent paragraph.
P: The result is a system of 'fractional-reserve banking,' where banks hold only a fraction of their deposit liabilities in actual cash.
Q: When a person deposits money in a bank, the bank does not simply store it in a vault.
R: It loans out a majority of that money to other customers, who in turn may spend it or deposit it in other banks.
S: This process effectively creates new money in the economy, expanding the money supply beyond the amount of physical currency.
Answer: Q introduces the initial action: depositing money. P gives the name 'fractional-reserve banking' to the system that follows. S explains the economic effect of 'This process'. R provides the details of how the money is loaned out, which underpins the entire system, but the logical flow from Q to P (defining the system) and then explaining its effect (S) is very strong. However, QRPS is also plausible. Let's re-evaluate. Q (deposit) -> R (bank loans it out) -> S (this process creates money) -> P (this system is called...). The sequence QRSP is more linear and descriptive of the process itself. Let's stick with QRSP. Q -> R -> S -> P. Q: Deposit. R: What the bank does. S: The effect of what the bank does. P: The name for this system. Yes, QRSP seems more logical. Let me recheck D. QPSR. Q: deposit. P: name of system. S: effect. R: details. This is less chronological. QRSP is better. Let me fix my answer. Correct order is QRSP. Q describes the initial action. R explains what the bank does with the deposit. S explains the consequence of this action (money creation). P gives the formal name for this entire system described in Q, R, and S.