Data Structures & Algorithms
TOPICS ▾
Computer Abbreviations
Computer Architecture
Computer Memory
Computer Pedagogy
Computer Virus
Data Structures & Algorithms
Database Management System
E-Commerce
File Extension
Input/Output Devices
Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)
Internet
Internet Banking
Introduction to Computer
Major Development in the Field of IT
Microsoft Office
Network and Communication
Network Security
Number System
Operating System
Programming Languages
Shortcut Keys
Software
System Analysis and Design
TCP/IP Model
Web Designing
SORT BY ▾
61. निम्नलिखित में से आपका सबसे slow sorting algorithm क्या है -
Answer: Diye gaye options mein se, Quick Sort (O(n log n)) aur Heap Sort (O(n log n)) efficient hain. Selection Sort (O(n²)) aur Bubble Sort (O(n²)) dono slow hain. Halaanki, Bubble Sort ko aamtaur par sabse slow maana jaata hai kyunki ismein worst case mein sabse zyada swaps ki zaroorat padti hai.
62. इनपुट ऐरे 32,51,27, 85, 66, 23, 13, 57 पर बबल सॉर्ट का प्रथम पास पूर्ण करने के उपरांत आउटपुट लिस्ट क्या होगी
Answer: Bubble Sort ke pehle pass mein, sabse bada element compare hote-hote list ke aakhri mein pahunch jaata hai.
Original: `[32, 51, 27, 85, 66, 23, 13, 57]`
1. (51, 27) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 85, 66, 23, 13, 57]`
2. (85, 66) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 85, 23, 13, 57]`
3. (85, 23) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 23, 85, 13, 57]`
4. (85, 13) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 23, 13, 85, 57]`
5. (85, 57) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 23, 13, 57, 85]`
Pass 1 ke baad list yeh hogi.
Original: `[32, 51, 27, 85, 66, 23, 13, 57]`
1. (51, 27) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 85, 66, 23, 13, 57]`
2. (85, 66) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 85, 23, 13, 57]`
3. (85, 23) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 23, 85, 13, 57]`
4. (85, 13) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 23, 13, 85, 57]`
5. (85, 57) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 23, 13, 57, 85]`
Pass 1 ke baad list yeh hogi.
63. stack में data को जोड़ने के लिए उसे क्या कहते है -
Answer: Stack mein naya data element daalne (add/insert) ke operation ko PUSH kehte hain.
64. _____ डाटा के तार्किक दृष्टिकोण का उसके क्रियान्वयन से पृथक्कीकरण है।
Answer: Data Abstraction (डेटा पृथक्करण) programming ka woh concept hai jismein user ko sirf zaroori jaankari (logical view) dikhayi jaati hai aur pichhe ki complex implementation details (क्रियान्वयन) ko chhipa liya jaata hai.
65. कौन-सा वर्गीकरण एल्गोरिदम विभाजित कर परिणाम हासिल करने की विधि पर आधारित है -
Answer: 'Divide and Conquer' (विभाजित कर परिणाम) ek strategy hai. Merge Sort list ko baar-baar aadha-aadha divide karta hai. Quick Sort ek pivot ke aadhaar par list ko do hisson mein divide karta hai. Isliye, yeh dono algorithms isi method par aadhaarit hain.
66. किस प्रकार का linked NULL को अगले फील्ड में स्टोर नहीं करता है -
Answer: Ek Circular Linked List mein, jo aakhri node hota hai, woh NULL ko point nahi karta. Balki, woh ghoom kar waapas list ke pehle node (head) ko point karta hai, jisse ek circle ban jaata hai.
67. Stack एक …….. डेटा संरचना है -
Answer: Stack ek Linear (रैखिक) data structure hai, kyunki ismein elements ek ke baad ek (ek sequence mein) store hote hain, bhale hi unka access sirf ek hi end (top) se hota hai.
68. space complexity क्या होती है -
Answer: Space Complexity ka matlab hai ki ek algorithm ya data structure ko run hone ke liye (apna data store karne aur operation karne ke liye) kul kitni computer memory (space) ki zaroorat padti hai.
69. Quicksort से तेज है -
Answer: Quick Sort ki average-case complexity O(n log n) hai. Jabki Selection Sort, Insertion Sort, aur Bubble Sort, in sabhi ki average aur worst-case complexity O(n²) hai. Isliye, Quick Sort in teeno se tez (faster) hai.
70. ________ सॉर्टिंग एल्गोरिदम में न्यूनतम निकृष्टतम-स्थिति जटिलता होती है।
Answer: Is sawaal ka matlab hai 'best worst-case complexity'.
- Selection Sort (Worst): O(n²)
- Bubble Sort (Worst): O(n²)
- Merge Sort (Worst): O(n log n)
- Quick Sort (Worst): O(n²)
Isliye, Merge Sort ki worst-case complexity (O(n log n)) in sabhi mein sabse behtar (minimum) hai.
- Selection Sort (Worst): O(n²)
- Bubble Sort (Worst): O(n²)
- Merge Sort (Worst): O(n log n)
- Quick Sort (Worst): O(n²)
Isliye, Merge Sort ki worst-case complexity (O(n log n)) in sabhi mein sabse behtar (minimum) hai.
71. internal sort इनमे से कौन सा नही है -
Answer: Internal Sort woh hote hain jo poora data main memory (RAM) mein rakh kar sort karte hain (jaise Quick Sort, Heap Sort). External Sort (jaise Merge Sort) tab use hote hain jab data itna bada hota hai ki RAM mein fit nahi ho sakta, aur use disk ki madad se sort karna padta hai.
72. कौन अच्छे एल्गोरिदम की विशेषता नहीं है -
Answer: Ek achhe algorithm ki visheshtaayein hain: Finite (kuch steps ke baad khatm ho), Unambiguous (har step ka ek hi matlab ho), aur Well-defined (har step saaf-saaf bataya gaya ho). Unordered (bina kram ke) hona ek achhe algorithm ki visheshta nahi hai; algorithm ke steps ka ek sahi order hona zaroori hai.
73. स्टैक में डेटा को हटाने को कहते है -
Answer: Stack se data element ko nikalne (remove/delete) ke operation ko POP kehte hain.
74. List में प्रत्येक तत्व को संसाधित(processing) करने के संचालन के रूप में जाना जाता है
Answer: Traversal (या Traversing) us prakriya ko kehte hain jismein ek list (ya anya data structure) ke har ek element ko (aamtaur par ek kram mein) visit ya process kiya jaata hai.
75. जॉन नैपियर ने लॉगैरिदम (Logarithm) की खोज कब की थी -
Answer: John Napier, ek Scottish mathematician, ne 1614 mein apni kitaab 'Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio' (Description of the Wonderful Rule of Logarithms) mein logarithms (लॉगैरिदम) ko pesh kiya tha.
76. टेक्स्ट एन्क्रिप्शन(Text's encryption) टेक्स्ट का _______ है -
Answer: Encryption ka matlab hai plain text (saadhaaran text) ko ek aise unreadable format (ciphertext) mein scramble (scrambling) karna, taaki koi anadhikrit (unauthorized) vyakti use padh na sake. Yeh data ki suraksha (security) banaye rakhne ke liye kiya jaata hai.
77. टेक्स्ट एन्क्रिप्शन(Text's encryption) टेक्स्ट का _______ है -
Answer: Encryption ka matlab hai plain text (saadhaaran text) ko ek aise unreadable format (ciphertext) mein scramble (scrambling) karna, taaki koi anadhikrit (unauthorized) vyakti use padh na sake. Yeh data ki suraksha (security) banaye rakhne ke liye kiya jaata hai.