Data Structures & Algorithms
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QUESTION 61
निम्नलिखित में से आपका सबसे slow sorting algorithm क्या है -
Answer: Diye gaye options mein se, Quick Sort (O(n log n)) aur Heap Sort (O(n log n)) efficient hain. Selection Sort (O(n²)) aur Bubble Sort (O(n²)) dono slow hain. Halaanki, Bubble Sort ko aamtaur par sabse slow maana jaata hai kyunki ismein worst case mein sabse zyada swaps ki zaroorat padti hai.
QUESTION 62
इनपुट ऐरे 32,51,27, 85, 66, 23, 13, 57 पर बबल सॉर्ट का प्रथम पास पूर्ण करने के उपरांत आउटपुट लिस्ट क्या होगी
Answer: Bubble Sort ke pehle pass mein, sabse bada element compare hote-hote list ke aakhri mein pahunch jaata hai.
Original: `[32, 51, 27, 85, 66, 23, 13, 57]`
1. (51, 27) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 85, 66, 23, 13, 57]`
2. (85, 66) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 85, 23, 13, 57]`
3. (85, 23) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 23, 85, 13, 57]`
4. (85, 13) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 23, 13, 85, 57]`
5. (85, 57) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 23, 13, 57, 85]`
Pass 1 ke baad list yeh hogi.
Original: `[32, 51, 27, 85, 66, 23, 13, 57]`
1. (51, 27) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 85, 66, 23, 13, 57]`
2. (85, 66) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 85, 23, 13, 57]`
3. (85, 23) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 23, 85, 13, 57]`
4. (85, 13) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 23, 13, 85, 57]`
5. (85, 57) swap -> `[32, 27, 51, 66, 23, 13, 57, 85]`
Pass 1 ke baad list yeh hogi.
QUESTION 63
stack में data को जोड़ने के लिए उसे क्या कहते है -
Answer: Stack mein naya data element daalne (add/insert) ke operation ko PUSH kehte hain.
QUESTION 64
_____ डाटा के तार्किक दृष्टिकोण का उसके क्रियान्वयन से पृथक्कीकरण है।
Answer: Data Abstraction (डेटा पृथक्करण) programming ka woh concept hai jismein user ko sirf zaroori jaankari (logical view) dikhayi jaati hai aur pichhe ki complex implementation details (क्रियान्वयन) ko chhipa liya jaata hai.
QUESTION 65
कौन-सा वर्गीकरण एल्गोरिदम विभाजित कर परिणाम हासिल करने की विधि पर आधारित है -
Answer: 'Divide and Conquer' (विभाजित कर परिणाम) ek strategy hai. Merge Sort list ko baar-baar aadha-aadha divide karta hai. Quick Sort ek pivot ke aadhaar par list ko do hisson mein divide karta hai. Isliye, yeh dono algorithms isi method par aadhaarit hain.
QUESTION 66
किस प्रकार का linked NULL को अगले फील्ड में स्टोर नहीं करता है -
Answer: Ek Circular Linked List mein, jo aakhri node hota hai, woh NULL ko point nahi karta. Balki, woh ghoom kar waapas list ke pehle node (head) ko point karta hai, jisse ek circle ban jaata hai.
QUESTION 67
Stack एक …….. डेटा संरचना है -
Answer: Stack ek Linear (रैखिक) data structure hai, kyunki ismein elements ek ke baad ek (ek sequence mein) store hote hain, bhale hi unka access sirf ek hi end (top) se hota hai.
QUESTION 68
space complexity क्या होती है -
Answer: Space Complexity ka matlab hai ki ek algorithm ya data structure ko run hone ke liye (apna data store karne aur operation karne ke liye) kul kitni computer memory (space) ki zaroorat padti hai.
QUESTION 69
Quicksort से तेज है -
Answer: Quick Sort ki average-case complexity O(n log n) hai. Jabki Selection Sort, Insertion Sort, aur Bubble Sort, in sabhi ki average aur worst-case complexity O(n²) hai. Isliye, Quick Sort in teeno se tez (faster) hai.
QUESTION 70
________ सॉर्टिंग एल्गोरिदम में न्यूनतम निकृष्टतम-स्थिति जटिलता होती है।
Answer: Is sawaal ka matlab hai 'best worst-case complexity'.
- Selection Sort (Worst): O(n²)
- Bubble Sort (Worst): O(n²)
- Merge Sort (Worst): O(n log n)
- Quick Sort (Worst): O(n²)
Isliye, Merge Sort ki worst-case complexity (O(n log n)) in sabhi mein sabse behtar (minimum) hai.
- Selection Sort (Worst): O(n²)
- Bubble Sort (Worst): O(n²)
- Merge Sort (Worst): O(n log n)
- Quick Sort (Worst): O(n²)
Isliye, Merge Sort ki worst-case complexity (O(n log n)) in sabhi mein sabse behtar (minimum) hai.