1. Change the following sentence into indirect speech: The teacher said, 'If you had studied harder, you would have passed the examination.'
- A. The teacher said that if they studied harder, they would pass the examination.
- D. The teacher said that if they would have studied harder, they would have passed the examination.
- C. The teacher said that if they had studied harder, they would pass the examination.
- B. The teacher said that if they had studied harder, they would have passed the examination.
व्याख्या: The third conditional sentence (unreal past condition) does not change its tense structure when converted to indirect speech.
2. Convert to indirect speech: He said, 'I must leave at once, for my father is waiting.'
- A. He said that he had to leave at once, as his father was waiting.
- D. He said he had to be leaving at once, as his father waited.
- B. He said that he must have to leave at once, for his father was waiting.
- C. He said that he must leave at once, because his father is waiting.
व्याख्या: 'Must' indicating compulsion or necessity is changed to 'had to'. The present continuous tense 'is waiting' changes to the past continuous 'was waiting'.
3. She said, 'What a dreadful idea!' Convert this to indirect speech.
- D. She told that the idea was dreadful.
- B. She exclaimed that it was a very dreadful idea.
- C. She exclaimed that the idea is dreadful.
- A. She exclaimed that what a dreadful idea it was.
व्याख्या: Exclamatory sentences starting with 'What a...' are converted into assertive sentences using 'very' or 'great' before the adjective.
4. The captain said to his soldiers, 'Let us not be disheartened by this single defeat.' Choose the correct indirect form.
- C. The captain commanded his soldiers that let them not be disheartened by that single defeat.
- A. The captain suggested to his soldiers that they should not be disheartened by that single defeat.
- D. The captain said to his soldiers that they must not be disheartened by that single defeat.
- B. The captain told his soldiers to not be disheartened by this single defeat.
व्याख्या: A proposal or suggestion starting with 'Let us' is reported using reporting verbs like 'suggested' or 'proposed', followed by 'that they should'.
5. Change to indirect speech: 'Would that I were rich!' cried the beggar.
- D. The beggar wished to be rich.
- B. The beggar wished that he had been rich.
- C. The beggar said that he would be rich.
- A. The beggar cried that he was not rich.
व्याख्या: Optative sentences expressing a strong, unrealizable wish (subjunctive mood like 'were') are reported using 'wished' and the past perfect tense.
6. He said, 'I was doing my homework when the lights went out.' What is the indirect speech?
- B. He said that he had been doing his homework when the lights went out.
- C. He said that he had been doing his homework when the lights had gone out.
- A. He said that he was doing his homework when the lights had gone out.
- D. He said that he did his homework when the lights had gone out.
व्याख्या: In a complex sentence, past continuous ('was doing') changes to past perfect continuous ('had been doing'), and simple past ('went out') changes to past perfect ('had gone out').
7. The boy said, 'Let me go out to play now.' Convert this sentence.
- B. The boy requested that he might be allowed to go out to play then.
- C. The boy said to let him go out to play now.
- A. The boy told that he should be allowed to go out to play then.
- D. The boy asked if he can go out to play then.
व्याख्या: When 'Let' is used to seek permission, the indirect speech uses 'requested' and a clause like 'that he might be allowed to'.
8. The philosopher said, 'We are all sinners; we ought to repent.'
- D. The philosopher said we were all sinners and we should repent.
- C. The philosopher said that they were all sinners and they ought to repent.
- B. The philosopher said that we are all sinners and we ought to repent.
- A. The philosopher said that we were all sinners and we had to repent.
व्याख्या: Universal truths ('we are all sinners') and modal verbs expressing moral duty ('ought to') do not change tense in indirect speech.
9. The candidate said, 'If I am elected, I will lower taxes and create jobs.'
- A. The candidate said that if he were elected, he would lower taxes and create jobs.
- B. The candidate said that if he is elected, he will lower taxes and create jobs.
- C. The candidate said that if he was elected, he would have lowered taxes and created jobs.
- D. The candidate said that if he had been elected, he would lower taxes and create jobs.
व्याख्या: This is a Type 1 conditional. 'am' changes to 'was' or 'were' (subjunctive 'were' is more formal), and 'will' changes to 'would'.
10. She asked, 'Aren't you ashamed of yourself?' Select the correct indirect form.
- B. She asked whether I was not ashamed of myself.
- D. She asked me why I wasn't ashamed of myself.
- C. She asked me that wasn't I ashamed of myself.
- A. She asked me if I wasn't ashamed of myself.
व्याख्या: A negative yes/no question is converted using 'if' or 'whether' followed by the subject and the verb in a positive structure ('I was not' instead of 'wasn't I').
