11. If you study hard, you ______ the exam.
- C. pass
- A. will pass
- D. passed
- B. would pass
व्याख्या: This is a first conditional sentence, which expresses a real possibility in the future. The structure is 'If + simple present, simple future'.
12. The earth ______ around the sun.
- C. is moving
- B. moves
- D. has moved
- A. move
व्याख्या: This sentence states a universal truth or a scientific fact, for which the simple present tense is used.
13. He ______ his leg while he was playing football.
- A. was breaking
- B. broke
- C. had broken
- D. has broken
व्याख्या: A short, completed action (broke his leg) happened during a longer past action (was playing). The simple past is used for the shorter action.
14. She said that she ______ a new dress.
- A. has bought
- C. buys
- B. had bought
- D. will buy
व्याख्या: In reported speech, if the reporting verb is in the past tense ('said'), the present perfect in the direct speech ('I have bought...') changes to the past perfect.
15. The quality of these apples ______ not good.
- A. is
- D. were
- C. have been
- B. are
व्याख्या: The subject of the sentence is 'quality' (singular), not 'apples' (plural). Therefore, a singular verb 'is' should be used.
16. My father ______ the newspaper every morning.
- C. reads
- B. read
- A. is reading
- D. has read
व्याख्या: The phrase 'every morning' indicates a habitual action, requiring the simple present tense.
17. They ______ here for three hours by the time the meeting ends.
- B. will be waiting
- D. have waited
- C. will have been waiting
- A. will wait
व्याख्या: This sentence emphasizes the duration of an action up to a certain point in the future. The future perfect continuous tense is used for this.
18. When I arrived, the party ______ already started.
- D. have
- A. was
- C. had
- B. has
व्याख्या: The party started before I arrived. To show an action that happened before another past action, the past perfect tense (had + past participle) is used.
19. I ______ him for a long time.
- B. have known
- D. am knowing
- C. knew
- A. know
व्याख्या: Stative verbs like 'know' are generally not used in continuous tenses. To express a state that started in the past and continues to the present, the present perfect tense is used.
20. He wishes he ______ richer.
- A. is
- D. has been
- C. were
- B. was
व्याख्या: In hypothetical or subjunctive clauses starting with 'wish', 'were' is used for all subjects (I, he, she, etc.) instead of 'was' to express an unreal situation.
